Industrial expansion was promoted by the pahlavi regime, while political parties that resisted the shahs absolute consolidation of power were silenced and pushed to the margins. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. The article below corrects the initial weeks of militant coverage of the large workingclass protests that began in mashhad, iran, on dec. Enqelabe farhangi was a period following the iranian revolution, when the academia of iran was purged of western and nonislamic influences even traditionalist unpolitical islamic doctrines to bring it in line with the revolutionary and political islam. The battle for chinas past mao and the cultural revolution mobo gao pluto press london ann arbor, mi 00 pluto prelims. It is tempting to begin the discussion of strategic culture with the emergence of iranian culture itself. Iran was known as a secular country under shah regime, a western puppet having western system into the country of saints, prophets and ahl e bayt. In summer of 1980, irans religious leaders set up eliminating opposition to their rule.
This is the 30th anniversary of the first cultural revolution in iran that closed most universities for almost three years, purged thousands of academics, students, and staff opposed to the. It is nothing less than an ideological crusade, and one of its aspects is to systematically distort the revolutionary. During this early phase of the cultural revolution 196668, president liu shaoqi and other communist leaders were removed from power. Finally, can the second cultural revolution lay the foundation for an islamic education system in the universities in. Culture of iran history, people, clothing, traditions. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. The islamic republic of iran is several decades into its existence and the values and legacy of the revolution upon which it was founded continue to have profound and contradictory consequences for everyday iranian life. In this substantially revised and expanded version of nikki keddies classic workroots of revolution,the author brings the story of modern iran to the present day, exploring the political, cultural, and social changes of the past quarter century. In 1961 the shah dissolved the 20th majles and cleared the way for the land reform law of 1962. Female musicians in iran, in shoot the singer music censorship today, ed. Its decisions can only be overruled by irans supreme leader. Pdf cultural engineering under authoritarian regimes.
Pdf n january 2018, a wave of protests rippled across iran, marking the first civilian upheaval of any note since the green movement demonstrations. The collection consists mostly of persianlanguage newspaper clippings, journal articles, tracts, brochures, bulletins, and internal administrative documents referencing the islamic cultural revolution, which took place from 19801987. After every revolution this is obvious that many things are changed. Supreme council of the cultural revolution wikipedia. The response to this demand in the recent decades is only given by the industry of dam. Iran instituted the worlds only other official cultural revolution immediately after the 1979 revolution. The truth about the cultural revolution we are constantly bombarded with the message that communism is dead, that it hasnt worked and cannot work, and that revolutions in power lead to tyranny. To stamp out secular leaders and religious moderates within the countrys universities they announced a. Setade enqelabe farhangi is a conservativedominated body based in qom, set up at the time of ayatollah khomeini.
Cultural revolution in iran examines the diverse areas of social and cultural innovation that are driving change and progress, both negotiating and resisting government policies and censorship. The socioeconomic transformation of iran strengthened and created new bonds between societies in iran, while at the same time resistance and the struggle for political and cultural rights became. The response earned 1 point for identifying the chinese and iranian leaders desire to gain more power as a similar goal of the great proletarian cultural revolution in china and the cultural revolution in iran. Iranian kingdom 15021722 established by ismail safavi, who declared iran a shiite state. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. Cultural changes of iranian music after islamic revolution. A veritable renaissance and reformation are under way in virtually every aspect of the cultural, social. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. Indiairan relations span centuries marked by meaningful interactions. The dynasty that the revolution overthrew the pahlavi dynasty was known for its autocracy, its focus on modernization and westernization as well as its disregard for religious and democratic measures in irans constitution the founder of the dynasty, army general reza shah pahlavi, replaced islamic laws with western ones, and forbade traditional islamic clothing, separation of the. Despite the repressive power of the current regime the immense creativity of popular cultural practices, that negotiate and resist a repressive system, is a potent and dynamic force.
A history of modern iran in a radical reappraisal of irans modern history, ervand abrahamian traces its traumatic journey across the twentieth century, through the discoveryofoil,imperialinterventions,theruleofthepahlavis,and,in 1979, revolution and the birth of the islamic republic. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. Read download cultural revolution in iran pdf pdf download. Mehran tamadonfar, thesis examination chair professor of political science university of nevada, las vegas the current challenges to the authority of the islamic republic and mass. Ambassador exchanges began in the mid1800s and during the second world war ties were cemented as iran collaborated with the allies allowing the. The cultural revolution in iran, with close regard to the. Keddie provides insightful commentary on the iraniraq war, the persian gulf war, and the effects of 911 and irans strategic. It means that the country is in dire need of water management and water saving. The three paradoxes of the islamic revolution in iran, by abbas milani. The strategic culture of the islamic republic of iran willis stanley strategic culture defined iranian history is, at first glance, fertile ground for a discussion of strategic culture. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. The cultural revolution in iran, with close regard to the universities, and its impact on the student movement reza razavi the activities of the student movement in iran have been closely linked to the political developments within the country, ever since tehran university was founded in.
Pdf download cultural revolution in iran free unquote. In 1996, mao zedongs main goal of the cultural revolution was to purify the party and the country through radical transformation. Inside irans cultural revolution the new york times. The cultural revolution was a period following the iranian revolution, when the academia of. The cultural revolution, which started in 1980, was the first step in the islamization of irans universities. A look at the events that triggered the khomeini movement and led to irans islamic revolution in 1979.
Has the islamic revolution changed the culture of iran. The official name used by the islamic republic is cultural revolution. The cultural revolution was a period following the 1979 islamic revolution in iran where the academia of iran was purged of western and nonislamic influences to bring it in line with shia islam. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989. The two countries shared a border till 1947 and share several common features in their language, culture and traditions. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Western christianity adjusted to modernity to justify the developments while. Development and cultural heritage in iran 1023 iran, with 1,648,195 km2 area and more than 75 million population, has just an average annual precipitation of about 250mm. Despite a powerful system of surveillance and control, an extremely lively cultural milieu exists in the country, utilising many different forms of expression. When the revolution is the religious one, the number of these changes can be more cultural. Iranian revolution, popular uprising in 197879 that resulted in the fall of the pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an islamic republic. Despite the repressive power of the current regime the immense creativity of popular cultural practices, that negotiate and resist a repressive.
Pdf flourishing of occidentalism in iran after cultural. The islamic republic of iran has entered its fourth decade, and the values and legacy of the revolution it was founded upon continue to have profound and contradictory consequences for iranian life. The islamic republic of iran has entered its fourth decade, an. Culture and the range of options in irans international politics. Launched by mao zedong, the chairman of the communist party of china cpc, its stated goal was to preserve chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from chinese society, and to reimpose mao zedong thought known outside. Cultural revolution in china and the cultural revolution in iran. Pdf cultural heterogeneity in postrevolutionary iran. Youssef m ibrahim article on irans cultural revolution notes that thousands of doctors, engineers and teachers have left iran because of totalitarian govt of ayatollah khomeini and his muslim. The supreme council of the cultural revolution sccr. The period 196063 marked a turning point in the development of the iranian state. The us and iran severed official diplomatic relations following the turmoil of the 1979 islamic revolution in iran and currently have no official relations. Islamic cultural revolution in the higher education in iran. While irans revolutionary was islamic one and while music is one of the most challenging issues in islam, cultural changes of. Cultural revolution redux tehran bureau frontline pbs.
The goal of the islamic cultural revolution was to islamize higher education system in iran and to consolidate the newly established islamic state. In iran, the cultural revolution was launched by shia rulers after the revolution, and sought to purify the country from not only the shahs regime, but also secular. The ensuing grand and bloody revolution of the muslim community in the month of khordad, 42 1963, was in fact the germination of this splendid and vast uprising. Ruhollah khomeini ruhollah khomeini centre greeting supporters after returning to tehran, february 1979. Both south asia and the persian gulf have strong commercial, energy, cultural and peopletopeople links. Pdf globalization and its impacts on iranian culture. Even though it expressly rejected antiimperialist and anticapitalist thought, as in china, it came at a very different revolutionary period of revolutionary history. White revolution, which was a step intended to stabilize the foundations of despotic rule and to reinforce the political, cultural, and economic dependence of iran on world imperialism, brought into being a united movement of the people and, immediately afterwards, a momentous revolution of the muslim nation in june 1963. The article is based on reports by socialist workers party national secretary jack barnes discussed and adopted by the party. The closure of iranian universities in the spring of 1980, and the subsequent. Hoping for a cultural revolution in education, and to the apparent horror of. The islamic cultural revolution was carried out in the years immediately following the establishment of the islamic republic of iran in 1979 and involved the closing of universities from 19801983.
To my american mother and libyan father whose perfectly blended cultural differences. Supreme leader the countrys most powerful political figure, who has the authority to overrule or dismiss the president, appoints members of the guardian council, and. The cultural revolution, formally the great proletarian cultural revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in china from 1966 until 1976. Nevertheless, the immediate political goal of the cultural revolution was much.
1104 626 533 1340 678 729 648 1555 766 291 702 72 234 1079 1124 823 903 896 706 1056 876 1317 1524 218 962 976 222 877 117 1371 676 442 151 697 285 1299 652 808 778